Wednesday, February 10, 2010

FORMWORK AND PIPE RAMMING



Aluminium Formwork


Description


The Aluminium Formwork System for concreting is probably the most versatile modern construction system. Unlike other systems it is equally suited to both high and low rise construction.

Specifically designed to allow the rapid construction of multiple unit projects at optimum productivity, the aluminium formwork can be used for a broad range of applications, from straightforward panels to more complicated structures involving bay windows, stairs and A/C hoods.

The degree of pre engineering and inherent simplicity of the aluminium formwork enables unskilled foreign labour to be used. Every component is light enough to be handled by one operative, minimising the need for heavy lifting equipment.


Advantages


The Formwork is specifically designed to allow rapid construction on all types of architectural layouts.


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Total system forms the complete concrete structure

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Custom designed to suit project requirements

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Unsurpassed construction speed

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High quality finish

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Cost effective for mass production

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Panels can be reused over 100 times

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Erected using unskilled labour

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Light weight, easy to handle

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Low waste



Assembly


The simplicity of Aluminium Formwork and the repetitive nature of the assembly process make it possible to accurately programme construction sequences and thus cycle times well in advance. In addition this enables unskilled labour to work with the Formwork therefore reducing the burden on skilled labour when this is in short supply.

On leaving the factory all panels are clearly labelled to ensure that they are easily identifiable on site and can be smoothly fitted together using the formwork modulation drawings.



Pin and Wedge System


The panels are held in position by a simple pin and wedge system that passes through holes in the outside rib of each panel. The panels fit precisely, simply and securely and require no bracing. Buildings can be constructed quickly and easily by unskilled labour with a hammer being the only tool required. Once the panels have been numbered, measuring is not necessary. As the erection process is manual, tower cranes are freed up and can concentrate on other handling operations. The result is a typical 4 to 5 day cycle for floor to floor construction.


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/Alumin_pin.jpg


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/Alumin_wedge.jpg



Quick Strip Prop Head


One of the principal technical features which enables this speed to be attained using a single set of formwork panels is the unique V shaped prop head which allows the ‘quick strip’ to take place whilst leaving the propping undisturbed. The deck panels can therefore be reused immediately.


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/Alumin_prop.jpg


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/Alumin_head.jpg



Speed and Quality


The in-situ construction of all walls and partitions reduces the requirement for follow-on wet trades. The concrete surface finish produced with the aluminium forms allows achievement of a high quality wall finish without the need for extensive plastering. Doors and windows are formed in position, with this high degree of precision items such as door and window frames can be directly installed on site with minimal re-sizing required.


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/Alumin_finish01.jpg


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/Alumin_finish02.jpg


High quality Aluminium Formwork panels ensure consistency of dimensions. On the removal of the Formwork mould, a high quality concrete finish is produced to accurate tolerances and verticality. The high tolerance of the finish means that no further plastering is required. Typically a 3mm to 4mm skim coat is applied internally prior to finishing and a 6 mm build up coat prior to laying tiles.












Formwork System Description


The basic element of the Formwork is the panel which is an extruded aluminium rail section, welded to an aluminium sheet. This produces a lightweight panel with an excellent stiffness to weight ratio, yielding minimal deflections under concrete loading. Panels are manufactured in the size and shape to suit the requirements of specific projects.

The panels are made from a high strength aluminium alloy with a 4mm thick skin plate and a 6mm thick ribbing behind to stiffen the panels. The panels are manufactured within factory environment. Once assembled they are subjected to a trial erection in order to eliminate any dimensional or on site problems.


Formwork Structure


Architectural details are incorporated during the design and manufacture of the aluminium panels and can be designed for any condition such as bay windows, stairs, balconies and special architectural features. The accurate regular dimensions achieved with the aluminium formwork system enable pre-fabrication of cast in items, door and window frames and electrical and mechanical components.


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/AluminFormwork.jpg



Wall Components


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/wc_kicker.gif


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/wc_stub_pin.gif

Kicker


Stub Pin


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/wc_wall_panel.gif


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/wc_rocker.gif

Wall Panel


Rocker



Beam Components


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/beam_side_panel.gif


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/beam_prop_head.gif

Side Panel


Prop Head


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/beam_soffit_panel.gif


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/beam_soffit_bulkhead.gif

Soffit Panel


Soffit Bulkhead



Deck Components


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/deck_panel.gif


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/deck_prop.gif

Panel


Prop


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/deck_prop_length.gif


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/deck_mid_beam.gif

Prop Length


Mid Beam


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/deck_soffit_length.gif


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/deck_beam_bar.gif

Soffit Length


Beam Bar



Other Components


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/other_internal_soffit_corner.gif


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/other_external_soffit_corner.gif

Internal Soffit Corner


External Soffit Corner


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/other_external_corner.gif


http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/%7Ececspoon/lwbt/Formwork/Aluminum_Formwork/other_internal_corner.gif

External Corner


Internal Corner



Comparison of Aluminium system and Timber Formwork



Timber Formwork

System Formwork

Material

Timber and Plywood

All Aluminium

Durability

20 times

120-150 times

Wastage

Yes

No

Quality

Subject to Workmanship

Good

Labour

Skilled

Unskilled

Flexibility

More

Less

Cost

HK$100-140/m2

HK$140-180/m2











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Pipe Ramming

Pipe ramming is a trenchless method for the installation of steel pipes used when sandy soil is present and impact moling is not possible, or where larger pipes or ducts are required.

The pipe rammer is locked into the end of the steel pipe and the pipe is driven through the ground by pneumatic percussive blows to one end. The soil is forced internally up the pipe and on completion is then augered out.

The pipe can then be used as a water pipe (irrigation), drain or as a duct for another service.

Pipe Ramming in South East England Photo Gallery

Kent, Sussex, Surrey, Essex. Click on an image to view.

100mm water pipe, pipe-rammed under a road by MacMole

150mm steel water pipe, pipe-rammed under road by MacMole, Kent

200mm steel culvert pipe ramming by MacMole, Kent

200mm steel steam duct being pipe rammed by Macmole, South East  England

200mm steel pipe being pipe-rammed under road by Macmole

electric cable ducting being pipe-rammed by MacMole, Kent

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